Geography of Rivers

(b) (i) hydraulic action – weight/power of water/loosening of unconsolidated/soft materials/pressuring of air in cracks; etc. Corrasion – r...

(b)  (i) Ideas such as:  heavy rainfall/ storms;  prolonged period of rainfall;  snow melting;  saturated ground/ large amounts of impe...

3 (a)  (i) 1.6 to 1.8km (1 mark) [1]  (ii) X = Oxbow lake Y = meander (2 × 1 mark) [2]  (iii) Ideas such as:   flooding of track;   ...

(b)  (i) Features such as:  shallow;  wide channel;  gentle long profile;  debris/rocks in channel/pebbles/slip off slope/river beach/d...

4 (a)  (i) 3–3.2kms [1]  (ii) Position of old course can still be seen/the old course is marked on the map/old course is left behind; th...

(b) (i) Ideas such as:  both have distributaries/split into lots of separate channels;  Niger has more distributaries;  Niger is arcuate/...

4 (a) (i) Valley side is forested but flood plain is grassland;   1 mark [1]  (ii) hydraulic action;  abrasion/corrasion;  solution/co...