Rivers MS Sample 2016 Paper 1 Qn 4(b)

(b) (i) hydraulic action – weight/power of water/loosening of unconsolidated/soft materials/pressuring of air in cracks; etc.
Corrasion – river uses load it is carrying to erode/sandpapering action etc.
Corrosion – chemicals/acids in water/dissolve rocks; etc.

 3 @ 1 mark [3]

(ii) Ideas such as:
rapid erosion of less resistant rock;
more resistant rock not worn away as rapidly;
power of falling water enlarges plunge pool;
undercutting of hard rock;
collapse of hard rock layer/lack of support;
waterfall retreats (to form gorge); etc.

 5 @ 1 mark or development [5]

(c) Levels marking
Level 1 (1–3 marks)
Statements including limited detail explaining how an oxbow lake is formed. (e.g. river cuts off a meander; erosion during floods; outer bend of meander eroded etc.)

Level 2 (4–6 marks)
More developed statements on how/why an oxbow lake is formed. (e.g. Outer bend of meanders eroded due to faster flowing water; neck of meander cut during time of flood; former meander sealed by deposition etc.)
NB Max 6 marks without diagram

Level 3 (7 marks)
Comprehensive and accurate statements explaining how and why an oxbow lake is formed, including appropriate labelled diagram(s).
NB 1. Diagram must be labelled (or numbers + key) for L3 credit. 2. Do not double credit text and annotation (other than allowing access to L3) [7]

[Total: 25]

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Past Exam Questions on Rivers

June 2014 QP 11 Qn 3(a) / June 2014 MS P11 Qn 3 (a)

June 2014 QP 11 Qn 3(b) / June 2014 MS P11 Qn 3 (b)

June 2014 QP 12 Qn 4 (a) / June 2014 MS P12 Qn 4 (a)

June 2014 QP 12 Qn 4 (b) / June 2014 MS P12 Qn 4 (b)

June 2014 QP 13 Qn 4 (a) / June 2014 MS P13 Qn 4 (a)

June 2014 QP 13 Qn 4 (b) / June 2014 MS P13 Qn 4 (b)

Sample J 2016, QP 1 Qn 4 (a) / Sample J 2016 MS 1 Qn 4(a)

Sample J 2016, QP 1 Qn 4 (b) / Sample J 2016 MS 1 Qn 4 (b)

Flood Plain MS June 2014 P11 Qn 3(b)

(b) 
(i) Ideas such as: 
heavy rainfall/ storms; 
prolonged period of rainfall; 
snow melting; 
saturated ground/ large amounts of impermeable surfaces /rapid runoff/ overland flow;  
deforestation building on flood plains / urbanisation; 
dam breaking; etc. (3 × 1 mark) [3] 

(ii) Ideas such as: 
people trapped/ forced to stay in houses; 
loss of life /drowning; 
damage to housing; 
need to evacuate (dev); 
people are homeless; 
closure/ flooding of workplaces; 
so people cannot earn money (dev); 
disruption to road transport/railways /bridges; 
sewage flows onto land/road/water; 
water borne disease; 
such as cholera / typhoid (dev); 
cost of repairs to damage; 
leads to increase in insurance premiums (dev); 
damage to possessions or examples e.g. car; 
cuts off electricity / gas; etc. 

(5 × 1 mark or development) [5] 

(c) Levels marking 

Level 1 
(1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which explain why people live on flood plain/ delta.  

Level 2 
(4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which explain why people live on flood plain/ delta. (N.B.: Max 5 if no named example) 

Level 3 
(7 marks) Uses named example of a river. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific reference. 

Content Guide: 
Answers are likely to refer to;  
fertile soils / high yields of crops; 
good grazing land; 
water from river for drinking/washing/in homes; 
irrigation; 
flat building land; 
transport along river; 
easy communications /roads /railways can be built along valley; power available from river/water mills /HEP; 
scenic beauty /make money from tourists;  
source of food/ fishing; 
clay for building/ making pots; etc. 

Place specific reference is likely to consist of: 
locational details; 
named settlements along river etc. [7] 

                                                                          [TOTAL: 25 marks] 

Click to go back to the Question Paper for Paper 11 Qn 3(b)

Flood Plain MS June 2014 P11 Qn 3(a)

3 (a) 
(i) 1.6 to 1.8km (1 mark) [1] 

(ii) X = Oxbow lake Y = meander (2 × 1 mark) [2] 

(iii) Ideas such as: 
 flooding of track; 
 erosion of embankment/ track; 
 cost of maintenance; 
 disruption to services; 
 build a bridge; 
 rocks from river may be deposited and block the track; etc. 

(3 × 1 mark) [3] 

 (iv) Ideas such as: 
 lateral erosion/ or description; 
 deposition in channel/ on bed of river; 
 displacement of water; 
 flooding of river/ overflows bank; 
 carrying large amount of sediment; 
 slow moving/ stationary water/ friction; 
 deposition of sediment on flood plain/ deposition of alluvium; 
 build up of layers; etc. 

(4 × 1 mark) [4] 

Click to go back to the June 2014, QP11 Qn 3(a)

Flood Plain MS June 2014 P12 Qn 4 (b)

(b) 
(i) Features such as: 
shallow; 
wide channel; 
gentle long profile; 
debris/rocks in channel/pebbles/slip off slope/river beach/deposition has taken place; 
splits into two channels/has a small island in middle/braided; 
gently sloping valley sides; 
grass/woodland/heather; 
wide valley, etc. 

3 @ 1 mark [3] 

(ii) Ideas such as: 
hydraulic action; 
power/force/weight of water will wear away loose materials; abrasion/corrasion; 
debris carried by river will scrape along the bed/banks; corrosion/solution; 
acids in water will carry out carbonation/dissolve rocks like chalk and limestone; 
lateral erosion; 
sideways erosion as water moves quickly around the outside of bends; 
vertical erosion; 
downwards erosion of the river bed, etc. 

5 @ 1 mark or development [5] 

(c) Levels marking 
Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which explain why flooding occurs. 

Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which explain why flooding occurs. 
(N.B. max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) 

Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific reference. 

Content Guide: 
Answers are likely to refer to: 
precipitation 
snow melt 
removal of vegetation 
rock type 
impact of roads, buildings and drains 
tides/surges 
global warming tsunamis, etc. 

Place specific reference is likely to consist of: 
locational details 
details of amounts of precipitation 
named settlements along river 
time/date, etc. 

N.B. The example can be an area or a river. Use of accurate statistics is L2. [7] 

 [Total 25 marks] 

Click to June 2014, QP12 Qn 4(b)

Flood Plain MS June 2014 P12 Qn 4 (a)

4 (a) 
(i) 3–3.2kms [1] 

(ii) Position of old course can still be seen/the old course is marked on the map/old course is left behind; there is an oxbow lake/detached from main river 

2 @ 1 mark [2] 

(iii) Shown on map; 
meander – on map on current course of the river (not on oxbow lake or old course); 
Willersley; 
farm to the north of Priory Wood 

3 @ 1 mark [3] 

(iv) Ideas such as: 
fertile soils/high yields of crops; 
good grazing land; 
water from river for drinking/washing/in homes/irrigation, etc.; 
flat building land; 
transport along river; 
easy communications/roads/railways can be built along valley; 
power available from river/water mills/HEP; 
scenic beauty/make money from tourists; 
source of food/fishing; 
clay for building or making pots, etc. 

4 @ 1 mark [4] 

Click to go to June 2014, QP 12 Qn 4(a)

Deltas & Flooding MS June 2014, P13 Qn 4(b)

(b) (i) Ideas such as: 
both have distributaries/split into lots of separate channels; 
Niger has more distributaries; 
Niger is arcuate/fan shaped but Mississippi is birds foot/smoother/less indented in Niger and more irregular for Mississippi/Niger is more triangular; 
Niger covers larger area; 
Mississippi has lakes but Niger does not; 
River/delta in Niger is SW facing and Mississippi river/delta is SE facing; etc. 

NB: Must be comparative. 

3 @ 1 mark [3] 

(ii) Ideas such as: 
large amounts of sediment (brought downstream); 
deposition in (lower course); 
speed of flow is reduced/river flows slowly; 
flocculation occurs due to salt in water ; 
deposited silt blocks course of river; 
splits into distributaries; 
deposited materials are not washed away; 
lack of currents; etc. 

5 @ 1 mark or development [5] 

(c) Levels marking 
 Level 1 
(1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe problems caused by flooding. 

Level 2 
(4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe problems caused by flooding. 
(NB: Max 5 if no named example) 

Level 3 
(7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific reference. 

Content Guide: 
Answers are likely to refer to;  
Injuries and deaths/drowning; 
Flooding of farmland; 
Impacts of food supplies, 
Disruption to communications, 
Water borne disease, 
Economic impacts 
Damage to housing, cars, possessions; etc. 

Place specific reference is likely to consist of: 
Locational details; 
Details of amounts of precipitation, 
Named settlements along river, 
Time/date etc. 

NB: Development must be of the problems; [7] 
                                                                              [Total: 25 marks] 

Click to go to June 2014, QP13 Qn 4(b)

Flood plain MS June 2014 P13 Qn 4(a)

4 (a)
(i) Valley side is forested but flood plain is grassland; 
 1 mark [1] 

(ii) hydraulic action;
 abrasion/corrasion;
 solution/corrosion;
 attrition;

2 @ 1 mark [2]

(iii) On cross section 
1 mark for asymmetrical profile with P & Q in correct place. 
Label with river cliff on correct side. (P). 
Label with slip off slope on correct side. (Q). 

3 @ 1 mark [3] 

(iv) Ideas such as:
faster flow of water on outside of bend; erosion on outer bank;
neck narrows;
cuts through neck during flooding/cutting through/meander cut off;
ends/former meander sealed by deposition;

NB: can credit information in writing or diagram but no double credit.

4 @ 1 mark [4]

Click to go to June 2014, QP 13 Qn 4(a)