both have distributaries/split into lots of separate channels;
Niger has more distributaries;
Niger is arcuate/fan shaped but Mississippi is birds foot/smoother/less indented in Niger and more irregular for Mississippi/Niger is more triangular;
Niger covers larger area;
Mississippi has lakes but Niger does not;
River/delta in Niger is SW facing and Mississippi river/delta is SE facing; etc.
NB: Must be comparative.
3 @ 1 mark [3]
(ii) Ideas such as:
large amounts of sediment (brought downstream);
deposition in (lower course);
speed of flow is reduced/river flows slowly;
flocculation occurs due to salt in water ;
deposited silt blocks course of river;
splits into distributaries;
deposited materials are not washed away;
lack of currents; etc.
5 @ 1 mark or development [5]
(c) Levels marking
Level 1
(1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe problems caused by flooding.
Level 2
(4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe problems caused by flooding.
(NB: Max 5 if no named example)
Level 3
(7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific reference.
Content Guide:
Answers are likely to refer to;
Injuries and deaths/drowning;
Flooding of farmland;
Impacts of food supplies,
Disruption to communications,
Water borne disease,
Economic impacts
Damage to housing, cars, possessions; etc.
Place specific reference is likely to consist of:
Locational details;
Details of amounts of precipitation,
Named settlements along river,
Time/date etc.
NB: Development must be of the problems; [7]
[Total: 25 marks]
Click to go to June 2014, QP13 Qn 4(b)
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