(i) Ideas such as:
heavy rainfall/ storms;
prolonged period of rainfall;
snow melting;
saturated ground/ large amounts of impermeable surfaces /rapid runoff/ overland flow;
deforestation building on flood plains / urbanisation;
dam breaking; etc. (3 × 1 mark) [3]
(ii) Ideas such as:
people trapped/ forced to stay in houses;
loss of life /drowning;
damage to housing;
need to evacuate (dev);
people are homeless;
closure/ flooding of workplaces;
so people cannot earn money (dev);
disruption to road transport/railways /bridges;
sewage flows onto land/road/water;
water borne disease;
such as cholera / typhoid (dev);
cost of repairs to damage;
leads to increase in insurance premiums (dev);
damage to possessions or examples e.g. car;
cuts off electricity / gas; etc.
(5 × 1 mark or development) [5]
(c) Levels marking
Level 1
(1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which explain why people live on flood plain/ delta.
Level 2
(4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which explain why people live on flood plain/ delta. (N.B.: Max 5 if no named example)
Level 3
(7 marks) Uses named example of a river. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific reference.
Content Guide:
Answers are likely to refer to;
fertile soils / high yields of crops;
good grazing land;
water from river for drinking/washing/in homes;
irrigation;
flat building land;
transport along river;
easy communications /roads /railways can be built along valley; power available from river/water mills /HEP;
scenic beauty /make money from tourists;
source of food/ fishing;
clay for building/ making pots; etc.
Place specific reference is likely to consist of:
locational details;
named settlements along river etc. [7]
[TOTAL: 25 marks]
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